6.3
Period 6: 1865-1898, Topic 3: Westward Expansion: Social and Cultural Development
Student Learning Objective- Explain the causes and effects of the settlement of the West from 1865 to 1898.
Students watch 6.3 Daily Video #1 on AP Classroom
Discussion Question #1- What industries will boom because of the railroad boom?
Discussion Question #2- What time zones were created because of the railroads in the continental US?
Discussion Question #3- What started the Agricultural College System? (and the State College system)
Discussion Question #4- What group drove cattle before the Railroads transported beef?
Students watch 6.3 Daily Video #2 on AP Classroom
Discussion Question #5- What is an example of a massacre of Native Americans in CO?
Discussion Question #6- What happened at the battle of Little Bighorn?
Discussion Question #7- What is the significance of the massacre at Wounded Knee?
Discussion Question #8- What animal was severely reduced in population due to hunting for sport instead of how using every part of the animal as Natives did?
Discussion Question #9- How did Helen Hunt Jackson paint the relationship between the US Government and Native Tribes?
Discussion Question #10- What were the goals of the Dawes Severalty Act?
“All Indian peoples in the years after the Civil War saw their sovereignty erode. . . .
“Reformers regarded Indian nations as legal fictions which the federal government should no longer recognize. . . . [Civilian and military leaders] disdained Indian sovereignty. . . . Reformers pushed the federal government toward direct supervision of the lives of individual Indians. . . .
“The reform policy had three basic components. The first was the suppression of Indian norms of family life, community organization, and religion. . . . Reformers tried to educate Indian children in order to instill mainstream American Protestant values in place of tribal values. Finally, reformers sought a policy of land allotment that would break up communal landholding patterns and create private ownership. In the end, Indians would be Christian farmers living in nuclear families on their own land. The remaining lands could then be opened to white farmers. . . .
“The strength of Indian communities during this period declined while the power of the federal bureaucracy that supervised them increased.”
“As reformers and federal officials alike recognized, the key to ‘assimilation’ was ‘detribalization,’ and the key to ‘detribalization’ was eradication of the land base and communal practices that sustained tribal culture. . . .
“Congress enacted the General Allotment Act (also known as the Dawes Severalty Act) in 1887. . . . The act authorized the president to survey reservation lands, have them divided up into allotments of up to 160 acres, and make them available to Indians family heads. . . . Reservation land that was not subject to allotment . . . would be made available for purchase and white settlement. . . .
“. . . While effectively placing all Native Americans under the jurisdiction [control] of the federal government (as opposed to their own tribal laws and institutions), . . . those who remained on the shrinking reservations and maintained their tribal connections . . . continued to be excluded from the ‘equal protection of the laws.’ . . .
“. . .Try as the federal government might to penalize reservation Indians through isolation and dependency, the reservation could in fact become a site of cultural and economic creativity—and of resistance to the projects of the state. Indians regularly traversed reservation boundaries, often in defiance of government regulations and [travel] pass requirements, to visit one another and to exchange labor and goods, extending lines of communication and interethnic relations . . . . In doing so, they deepened their own tribal attachments while developing a sense of pan-tribal Indianness.”
Discussion Question #11- What is a difference between White’s and Hahn’s claims in the excerpts about how American Indian societies changed in the late 1800s?
Discussion Question #12- What is a similarity of White and Hahn's claims?
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