9/27 and 6.11

Period 6: 1865-1898, Topic 11- Reform in the Gilded Age

Student Learning Objective- Explain how different reform movements responded to the rise of industrial capitalism in the Gilded Age.

“The progress of society consists largely in separating . . . people into groups, in giving them different kinds of work to do, in developing different powers, and different functions. . . . This is the method of civilization. . . .

“It is a great gain to humanity to have industry specialized if the unity of the spirit is not broken in the process. But this calamity, unhappily, is precisely what we are suffering. The forces that divide and differentiate have not been balanced by the forces that unite and integrate. . . . Social integration is the crying need of the hour. . . . How can all these competing tribes and clans, owners of capital, captains of industry, inventors, artisans, farmers, miners, distributors, exchangers, teachers, and all the rest, be made to understand that they are many members but one body; that an injury to one is really the concern of every other . . . ?

“We have, however, in society, an agency which is expressly intended to perform this very service of social integration. . . . It is the Christian Church. The precise business of the Christian Church is to fill the world with the spirit of unity, of brotherhood; . . . to promote unity of the spirit in the bonds of peace. . . .

“The spiritual law, the spiritual motive, the loving thought, the kindly purpose govern the whole of life. A factory is never rightly run till the law of love is the supreme motive power. A trades-union is a menace to society until good-will to all men is the guiding principle in all its councils. A corporation without this clause is a curse to society. A railway whose administration sets this law at defiance is a gigantic public enemy. . . . Every one of these departments of life must be brought under this royal law. This is what religion means.”

Washington Gladden, minister, Social Facts and Forces, 1897

Discussion Question #1- What is the main idea of the Gladden excerpt?

Discussion Question #2- How can religion help society according to Gladden?

Discussion Question #3- Why did people feel this way at this time?

Discussion Question #4- How does the Social Gospel Movement compare or contrast to other periods of American history?

Discussion Question #5- How does the Social Gospel Movement compare or contrast to other movements during period 6?

Excerpt of Lincoln Steffens' "The Shame of the Cities"

Discussion Question #6- According to Steffens, what needed to be reformed during the Gilded Age?

Jane Addams Primary Source

Discussion Question #7- What do you think Jane Addams believes or wants to do?

Discussion Question #8- Do you agree or disagree?  Why?






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